Montags Metamorphosis in Fahrenheit 451 :: Fahrenheit 451 Essays

Montag's Metamorphosis in Fahrenheit 451      It is sometimes throughout the entire existence of one's artistic experience that a book comes a long which is so piercing in its message, so terrifying in its suggestions [New York Times], thus unexpectedly oversimplified in its promise decision. One of these fortunes of twentieth century writing sits around my work area before me as I type-Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the novel gave to criticizing the proverb, Numbness is rapture. This epic gives a look into a somber world like our own (excessively comparable) where war is normal, sentiments are evaded, family is non-existent, and thought is not, at this point a person's question. To encourage this last standard of Mr. Bradbury's reality, books have been restricted, sentenced to be scorched without hesitation alongside their holders. (Unexpectedly, I am certain that Mr. Bradbury knew about the high incongruity of recording this in a book when he considered the thought.) And who ought to be the cops of this universe of obliviousness? The fire fighters. much the same as the fire fighters in our present reality, they dress the same, drive huge trucks, and cry their noisy alarms. There is one central distinction, anyway these fire fighters light fires; they purge the underhanded books of their wrongdoing. Furthermore, who ought to represent the merciless, brutal, cold-warm fire fighter however Guy Montag. His dad was a fire fighter, and his dad thusly, so what other occupation could there be for a man like him? All things considered, as you, the peruser, will see, Montag will before long experience difficulty addressing that question himself.       As I have referenced, Montag resembles all the others at the initiation of the novel: cherishing his activity, failing to question a power that has never given him any motivation to comply. This all progressions however when, while strolling home from work, he experiences a little youngster named Clarisse, who, through her honesty and obscurity to her general surroundings, gives him that society is disintegrating around him and that he can be a piece of the arrangement, not as every other person may be the issue. Without precedent for his life, he addresses what he sees around him: his better half overdosing on pills, Clarisse getting hit by a quickly moving vehicle and executed, and even the book consuming which he does each night for cash. Or then again was it entertainment? In any case, interest shows signs of improvement of him as he takes a book from a furious fire during one of his assaults.

Oral And Written Feedback To Improve Writing English Language Essay

Oral And Written Feedback To Improve Writing English Language Essay This examination is an examination of the observations about adequacy of oral and composed input on composing of thirty-seven Cambodian English-significant understudies at the National University of Management (NUM). Two instruments were utilized to gather information from the oral criticism gathering (N=19) and the composed input gathering (N=18) when the two-month treatment: surveys and understudy sections. Results show that the two gatherings similarly conveyed better execution on all encompassing composition albeit oral input was seen as desirable over composed criticism. While the previous decidedly affected on both the miniaturized scale perspectives (for example punctuation, jargon, and mechanics and spelling) and the full scale angles (for example substance and association), the last supported amendment just in language and association. The investigation recommends that understudy composing improve, paying little heed to criticism technique; that inclination may not connect w ith correction; that perusing be coordinated into L2 composing classes; and that amendment may correspond with input admission which relies upon student center and instructor understudy cooperation. Presentation Since the late 1950s, perspectives towards the job of restorative input have changed alongside the development of language instructing systems grounded on hypotheses of both instructive brain science and second language obtaining with the point of empowering students to gain the objective language adequately. In the late 1950s and 1960s, the Audiolingual Method (ALM), in view of behaviorism and structuralism, was extremely well known in second and unknown dialect study halls. Blunder rectification was viewed as helping students to frame great propensities by giving right reactions as opposed to committing basic errors. During the 1970s and 1980s, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), created from nativism, was ordinarily drilled to furnish students with open ability as far as capacity over structure or understandability over grammaticality. It derives that conventional amendment ought to be ceased since it was considered as meddling as opposed to encouraging the securing of the obje ctive language. In the mid 1990s, the Interaction Approach (IAA) developed, and it involved such three dimensional stages as learning through info, creation of language, and remedial input that comes because of association that emerges legitimately. Since the mid-1990s, the situation of input, with the strength of CLT, has been bantered among the scholars, scientists, and professionals in the fields of second language composing and second language obtaining. In 1996, Truscott, for instance, asserted that criticism on understudy composing ought to be disposed of in light of the fact that it is incapable and destructive. Ferris (1997), then again, contended that input is prudent as it empowers L2 understudies to reexamine their own composition and helps them to obtain right English. Since investigate proof was rare on the side of criticism, both Ferris and Truscott called for additional examination into inquiries concerning the effect and arrangement of input on L2 understudy composing (Bitchener Knoch, 2009). Appropriately, an incredible assortment of research has been directed with an investigate instructor composed input: rectification methodologies (e.g., Bitchener, Young, Cameron, 2005; Ferris, 1997; Ferris Roberts, 2001; Lee, 1997; Sugita, 2006), criticism structures (e.g., Hyland, 2001; Silver Lee, 2007; Treglia, 2008), input foci (e.g., Ashwell, 2000; Ellis, Sheen, Murakami, Takashima, 2008; Sheen, Wright, Moldawa, 2009), understudies perspectives toward input (e.g., Alamis, 2010; Lee, 2004, 2008a; Saito, 1994; Treglia, 2008; Weaver, 2006), and educators convictions about input (e.g., Lee, 2004, 2008b). These examinations proposed that criticism assumes a crucial job in aiding L2 understudies improve the exactness and nature of their composition. This fi nding is in accordance with the Vygotskyan model of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) which asserts that students should be given framework to be fit for arriving at a phase of self-sufficiency and exactness (Patthey-Chavez Ferris, 1997). Be that as it may, a significant number of the investigations have configuration blemishes regarding the little example size or of not having a benchmark group. Different investigations investigated the adequacy of other input methods: oral criticism or instructor understudy conferencing (e.g., Hedgcock Lefkowitz, 1992; Hyland, 2003; Marefat, 2005; Sheen, 2010a, 2010b), peer input (e.g., Kamimura, 2006; Rollinson, 2005; Tsui Ng, 2000), reformulation (e.g., Hyland, 2003; Santos, Lopez-Serrano, and Manchon, 2010), sound recorded criticism (e.g., Huang, 2000; Jordon, 2004), and PC interceded editorial (e.g., Ferris, 2003; Hyland, 2003; Hyland, 2006). Be that as it may, a large portion of the investigations neglected to look at which input mode was progressively compelling in improving understudy composing. Despite the fact that some of them were similar in nature, the investigations were led exclusively with a gathering of English-as-a-second-language (ESL) students. Thus, end is difficult to be attracted with respect to the adequacy of every input technique when it is applied in another study hall setting where English is in the Kachrus (1985) growing circle or where English is instructed as an unknown dialect. As Ferris (2003) put it, What is ideal can't be compared with what is powerful, and what is compelling for one understudy in one setting may be less so in another unique circumstance (p. 107). Considering the previously mentioned clever and empowering premise, this ebb and flow semi test look into endeavors to analyze educator oral and composed input as far as observations and viability among Cambodian English-significant understudies at the National University of Management (NUM from now on). Meaning of Terms: Oral Feedback and Written Feedback As indicated by Rinvolucri (1994), the term [feedback] starts in science and alludes to the message that returns to a living being that has followed up on its condition. In science it portrays an unbiased procedure, a connection in the chain of activity and response. (p. 287) In second language composing, criticism can be characterized as contribution from a peruser to an author with the impact of giving data to the essayist to update (Keh, 1990, p. 294). Basically, the educator proposes changes that will make the content simpler for the crowd to peruse, or that help the author to be increasingly mindful of and touchy to his/her peruser. At the point when the author of any bit of composing gets the viewpoint of the peruser, at that point that essayist can see all the more obviously where any purposes of disarray exist. As Keh (1990) explains, The author realizes where the person has deluded or confounded the peruser by not providing enough data, unreasonable association, absence of improvement of thoughts, or something like wrong word-decision or tense (p. 295). In this investigation, input can be operationalized as far as oral and composed criticism (Berg, Admiraal, Pilot, 2006; Hedgcock Lefkowitz, 1992; Hyland, 2003; Hyland, 2006; Patthey-Chavez Ferris, 1997; Sheen, 2010a, 2010b). Oral input (OF) alludes to the arrangement of criticism on blunders and shortcomings in substance, association, and language (for example sentence structure, jargon, mechanics and spelling) through up close and personal conferencing enduring around five minutes for every understudy author. In this manner, the educator gives remarks (in the types of inquiries, objectives, commendations, and recommendations), gives right structures or structures in defective sentences, tells the area of blunders, makes reevaluates, and gives prompts in the types of elicitation, explanation solicitations, and redundancy of mistakes. Composed input (WF), then again, alludes to the adjustment of mistakes and shortcomings in substance, association, and language through composition on understudy passages. In such manner, the educator utilizes direct versus backhanded amendment, coded versus uncoded input, and peripheral versus end remarks, in the types of adjustments, questions , goals, commendations, and recommendations. Writing Review Composed criticism Various examinations have been done to look at what to be remarked on for considerable modification. For instance, Ellis (1994), looking into a few investigations on what impact formal revisions have on language procurement, presumed that the students whose blunders are adjusted improve the exactness of delivering existential structures (for example There is/are). Notwithstanding, the Ellis-explored considers involve just engaged criticism, implying that just a single etymological element is focused on. Kepner (1991), in a similar investigation of input on substance and syntax, found that understudies who get content criticism produce composing that has preferred substance over the individuals who get sentence structure input. He additionally found that understudies who get formal criticism don't create less mistakes than the uncorrected gathering. In another investigation, Leki (1991) asked 100 ESL green beans to finish surveys to look at how compelling criticism was and how they re sponded to the positive and negative remarks on both structure and substance. He found that rectifying mistakes in both structure and substance is helpful since acceptable composing is seen as compared with blunder free composition. Moving a stage away from what to be remarked on, a few examinations have been done to explore how blunders ought to be remedied to improve understudy composing. As indicated by Ellis (1994), formal input is useful to L2 obtaining just if issues are rectified certainly or just on the off chance that the mistakes are actuated and, at that point revised. In a comparative vein, Weaver (2006) investigated how 44 understudies in the Faculty of Business, Art and Design apparent composed input and if the criticism that they got indicated an understudy focused way to deal with learning. Considering meetings, polls, and input content, he found that instructor remarks are helpful just in the event that they are explicit and clear, give adequate direction, center around positive focuses, and are identified with appraisal rules. Ferris (1997), analyzing more than 1,600 negligible and end

Debate on Allowing Homosexuals to Adopt Children Essay

Discussion on Allowing Homosexuals to Adopt Children - Essay Example This paper features thatâ the banter, in the general visibility, has less gay rights supporters with the lion's share, under holy places and other traditionalist organizations, being against the possibility of gays receiving kids. The legal executive, be that as it may, has, by prerequisite, apparently slanting to the side of preferring the push by LGBTQ since it depends on subjectivity. It doesn't consider popular supposition. Since experimental information doesn't recommend decisively that youngsters raised up by gay couples hindrances them in their turn of events, the legal executive has made most of its decisions to the kindness of the LGBTQ. In Legislative bodies, the greater part contradict the movement. The discussion is anyway still adjusted since such issues request sacred changes that require enormous numbers. The discussion will in the Parliamentary setting require a staggering contention to influence complete consensus.From this conversation unmistakably there have been legal and authoritative appearances of the discussion just as media exposure as well. At first, the Catholic Church and the general public, when all is said in done, responded dangerously to homosexuality. It was unlawful under the law, and one would be sentenced for just admitting adoration to an individual of a similar sex. The representative denied the application and the couple sued him. The preliminary court agreed with the agent and considerably in the wake of engaging, the re-appraising court didn't discover the kindness of the couple.

Homeschooling Persuasive Essay - 1949 Words

In today’s world, there are many different options for students to go to school. There is public school, private school, charter school, contract school, and home schools. The question on many people’s minds is â€Å"Why home schooling over any other schooling?† Since 1970s there has been a dramatic growth in homeschooling for student’s kindergarten to twelfth grade students. Although White gives effective arguments, and includes no obvious recall of evidence, she builds her credentials from subjects who have personally experiences, controversial evidence, and then by connecting White’s analysis to conclusions to her reader’s choice of choosing whether home schooling is a quality education. In â€Å"Home Schooling: A Personal Decision,† Karen†¦show more content†¦White’s argument shows evidence on choice of home schooling, the experiences people have, challenges that are for students, and advantages of why home schoolin g is so great for each student. Home schooling can be very flexible for those students who do sports or activities such as ballet. Having the flexibility helps students have more energy than those in public school and worry less about their tests. Parents can be just as hard on their kids as any teacher or tutor can. â€Å"But that s changing. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2004 about 1.1 million children (or 2.2 percent of all children aged 5 to 17) were home schooled, a jump of almost 30 percent from 1999† (3). Home schooling is just as demanding as traditional schools such as public or private schools. â€Å"Moms can be much harder teachers then most other teacher’s students have had before† (par. 4). This shows how home schooling can be beneficial for lots of students. White gives great examples of how home schooling can be great for students who want to express their talents and still have their high school diploma. While Whit e provides some compelling arguments for homeschooling, several of her arguments suffer from logical fallacies. There are so many reasons a person can go back and forth on what they school do and White has helped with some evidence of home schooling being a quality education for any student who chooses to so. She shares thisShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Homeschooling1609 Words   |  7 Pages Homeschooling is not a new concept to the United States, and for many centuries it was the only way for children to get an education. Many of our founding fathers were homeschooled, proving there is nothing wrong with homeschooling, and to this day it continues to provide children with an adequate education. Many parents believe that public school is satisfactory. However, they feel that homeschooling is a better option because it provides a safer environment for their children and more conduciveRead MorePersuasive Essay Homeschooling923 Words   |  4 Pageseffective style of school called homeschooling has emerged. Most of todays parents have gone to a public school because homeschooling was not very well known back when they were school aged. Since then, homeschooling has become much more popular and has been proven to be effective. Parents should consider homeschooling their kids as an alternative to sending them to a public school. While public schooling is the traditional way of receiving education, homeschooling is an alternative that must beRead MorePersuasive Essay On Homeschooling831 Words   |  4 PagesHomeschooling refers to the procedure of teaching kids from home instead of sending them to public or private schools. This is when they are taught by parents, brothers, sisters, a neighborhood friend, or online. Homeschooling is not for everybody and as we will see later the pros and cons of homeschooling. People say it is good because there is not busy work all the work can be done in a few hours. Then, people say it is bad because parents or whoever is teaching has to be with the kids all theRead MoreHomeschooling outline persuasive speech Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Persuasive Speech Outline on Homeschooling General Purpose: I want to persuade my audience Specific Goal: I would like the audience to understand the advantage of why I strongly believe homeschooling is beneficial. Thesis: Homeschooling environment is an effective approach in education due to evidence of higher achievement on placement tests, success through college, engaged socially with activities outside homes, and students becoming active members of society. Organization Pattern: (StatementRead MorePhilosophy of Education Essays1644 Words   |  7 Pagesspin on the role of school in society is homeschooling. I think it has many good and bad features. One great aspect of homeschooling is it makes parents feel that their child is in a safe environment, and that they are able to shelter them from the things that they are exposed to in public schools. But, ironically, that is also the problem. Social development is a crucial part of any education, and in many cases, homeschooling hinders this. Homeschooling also allows children to have the freedom ofRead MoreThe Is Not Emotionally Healing Or Accepting Our Fate?990 Words   |  4 Pagesrewriting in academic essays and text. He sees this phrase as the best tool for writers to use when dealing with other people s ideas and motivations. There are steps you have to take to come to terms with someone else’s writing. First, you must define the project and what the purpose is. Without this key step, you do not really know what to come to terms with and are lost to the goals of the text to begin with. For example, if you read an essay about the benefits of homeschooling without defining the

The Emergence Of Cinematic Time - 1869 Words

Tim Hodge In Mary Ann Doane’s The Emergence of Cinematic Time , she opens with an explanation of the historical development of time as we now understand it. I believe that is the most important aspect of the text. She discusses a shift in the fundamental understanding of the existence of time concurrent with the development of the concept of capitalism. This not only shapes our understanding of the image but of a fundamental understanding of our existence in the contemporary world. Though that may seem a tad melodramatic, I challenge you to come up with one aspect of your life and your art that is not affected by your temporal experience. It is difficult to conceive of one aspect of our lives and our art that is not affected by temporal experience. Aside from being late for an appointment, the effect of time is most prevalent when viewing other’s moving images. Doane argues that the creation of capitalistic time grew out of the proliferation of pocket watches and trains. That â€Å"time becomes uniform, homogenous, irreversible and divisible into verifiable units.† (Doane 6) These measured units of time end up having their effect most felt by people. As simplistic as that statement may be that is what productivity and efficiency come down to, the experience of people. The struggle for productivity and efficiency profoundly affect the experience of people. The positive consequences of this are the developments that we see in the world around us such as global travel, modernShow MoreRelatedNew Style of Televisuality713 Words   |  3 Pagesdue to these changing elements in the television industry. The two stylistic worlds within televisuality were the â€Å"videographic† and the â€Å"cinematic†. The videographic style refers to the use of hyperactive effects and multiple graphics (13). These were achieved through the electronic manipulation technology that was rapidly growing during the 1980s. 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The film, also titled Madame Sata, addresses issues of race, gender and sexuality in relation to Brazilian culture through various cinematic effects and the depiction or interpretations of characters through their actions and dialogue.This film has many layers that can be taken apart and analyzed with the underlying social issues in mind while providing a somewhat accurate account ofRead MoreThe Decline Of The Film Industry Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pages Like other major innovations such as the automobile,  electricity,  chemicals a nd the airplane,  cinema emerged in most Western countries at the same time.  As the fundamental form of industrialized entertainment,  it was very pervasive. From the 1910s onwards,  each year billions of cinema tickets were sold and consumers who did not regularly consult the cinema became a minority.  For examples,  in Italy,  the film industry was the fourth largest export industry before the First World War,  but today hardlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Cuba 1217 Words   |  5 Pagesand its revolution. Literary and cinematic reenactments are a great method for providing historical knowledge. However, they can be heavily biased and much of the factual evidence can be â€Å"silenced† throughout the films and novels. Cuba has always been a region of great interest due to its location in the Caribbean Sea. The nation resisted capitalism for over forty-five years and aside from North Korea, is the last to be practicing communism. For a long period of time, Cuba and underdevelopment wereRead MoreComparing the Narrative and Formal Devices of ChungKing Express and A Bout de Souffle650 Words   |  3 Pages Wai employs a number of cinematic techniques, obviously derived from the French New Wave, such as for example the jump-cut which is evidently taken from Godard’s film. His use of the Godard-ian jump cut seamlessly blends temporally-exclusive scenes together, making the passage of time unnoticeable. Other Godard-ian touches include the many shots of clocks, which remind the viewer that despite the protagonist’s fixation on the past, time continues to move on and thatRead More Comparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesperiod, setting, and circumstances of the film are totally different from those of the novella. Yet, a close analysis of character, plot, and theme in each respective work reveals that Conrads classic story of savagery and madness is present in its cinematic reworking. The story of Heart of Darkness is narrated by its central character, the seasoned mariner Marlowe, a recurring figure in Conrads work. Apocalypse Now features a corollary to Marlowe in Captain Willard, a U.S. Army special forcesRead MoreThere Will Be Blood Analysis1581 Words   |  7 Pagesloneliness, lust for power, false personas, hatred, lack of faith, mistrust and loss of humanity. Anderson explores these themes through the characters of Daniel Plainview and Eli Sunday. In addition to character exploration, Anderson uses a variety of cinematic techniques in order to subtextually portray these themes. These techniques include, contrasting lighting, long shots, wide angles and mis en scene. The first themes to be explored in There Will Be Blood are ambition and loneliness. The film begins

Ecomomy In 2000 Essay Example For Students

Ecomomy In 2000 Essay Evaluating the bull market today, it is almost impossible to pick up a financial journal without seeing news on the bull market that some consider to be overvalued. Overvalued or fairly valued, only the future will show the truth. Either way, this market is one that has shown greater run ups and returns, than any other market in history. (Reference Appendix #1a) Recently the Dow Jones Industrial Average has reached historical highs and then receded back to previous levels, leaving investors who are used to consistent and record setting gains month after month, baffled. Both the Dow Jones and the S P 500 indices have seen modest and even flat performances over the past three months. (Reference #1b)A recent article that was published on the front page of the Wall Street Journal emphasized that returns were flat due to the fact that investors were concerned of the possible on set of inflation. If these concerns are warranted and inflation is thus expected, the Bull market may very well be over. This after all makes sense, inflation has slowed and stopped many run-ups in the past, and the onset of inflation now could very well do the same. While the article introduced some possibilities, it said nothing of the likelihood, the causes of, the Fed.s reactions to, and the probability of expected inflationary increases in the future. This paper is thus dedicated to expanding on these ideas by exploring the rationality of these concerns by examining the circumstances surrounding inflation. It is my speculation that the Bull market may eventually correct itself in the future, but not in the short term due to immediate inflation. That is, that the market was in fact flat due investors concerns, but actual imperative inflation does not look to be expected in the near future. In order to begin to understand the nature of market trends and forces, one must first consider the current state of the U.S. economy relative to its business cycle. Certain aggregates can be measured that tell us a great deal about this. These aggregates have a strong history of leading, coinciding, or lagging the relative business cycle with a high amount of regular correlation. In fact the composite index of leading indicators shows that they have not experienced a significant downturn since the early 1980s, and have been increasing rather sharply over the past 3 years. The fact that all of these indicators are currently rising indicate that the economy is in a period of robust growth, or an expansionary phase. The fruits of this expansion have proven to be many, however it is often said that too much of a good thing can be bad. In this regard there are factors associated with the degree and nature of this economy, which could cause slowdown. For example, how is inflation measured, and to what degree should we be concerned with the effects and attributes of cost- push and demand- pull sources of inflation in this robust economy? According the Baye and Jansen, inflation can be measured by considering the growth of the money supply, the growth of M velocity, and the growth of real output. Algebraically this is represented by the equation: inflation = (gm + gv) gy. This equation thus considers the monetary, supply-push, and demand-pull factors. When the rate of inflation is measured in this way one can see, that over the last few years inflation has been relatively stable about its trend. This is in part, a result of the steady growth of GDP over the same period, and is testimony to the success of the Federal Reserve Boards monetary and fiscal policies. The rates of inflation over the last 10 years are graphically illustrated in Appendix 3A. Cost-push inflation incurs when the prices of inputs for production increase and thus cause profit margins to diminish. If firms are unwilling or unable to accept the declination in operating income, they will pass these increases on to consumers in the form of increased prices. In a competitive market it would seem th at firms would be unable to raise prices, unless there was uniform pressure affecting the aggregate whole of suppliers. (Examples include per unit costs of production, labor costs, energy prices, etc..) Both the dollar cost per person per hour, and the output per person have been increasing since 1997. These increases are most likely in response to technological advances in the public and private sectors. It is worth noting that the advances in compensation have exceeded those in output. Hence firms may have experienced a decline in marginal revenues. Another important aspect regarding wages and output is that the rates of increase for both have been declining since the second quarter of 1998. In the third quarter of 1999, real output was increasing more than the rate at which wages are increasing. This correction may be important when considering cost-push inflationary pressures. (Appendix 3b) On an aggregate level one can measure rising producer costs by examining the producer pri ce index. Appendix 3c graphically explores trends related to the PPI over the past three years. Upon examination it is clear that producer costs have been increasing steadily since 1997. This may be due in part to rising costs of compensation along with recent run-ups on crude oil prices. There is likely a strong correlation between the producer price index and the consumer price index, (The dependent variable) and is therefore important to include when making a forecast of future inflation. There may also be inflationary pressures attributable to demand-pull effects. This occurs when there are too many dollars chasing too few goods. A point to consider here is worker compensation and disposable personal income. The aggregate disposable personal income has been increasing over the recent economic prosperity. The key here is that the increases in income have been fairly stable. It is because of this stability that there appears to be little correlation when disposable personal income is regressed against inflation. Despite the low R^2 variable it still may be a worthy component to add to an inflation forecast. The growth of this economy has been very great, and this is support by strong consumer confidence. An area that would seem to contribute to this robust growth and inflationary pressure is the savings rate. Regardless of which indices or months one looks at, it is clear that personal saving in 1999 in considerably down from all other years. This may have an impact on the velocity of money and thus inflation in the future. The cyclical and irregular activity of the business cycle can be determined by detrending and deseasonalizing the real GDP data. (Appendix 4a) In doing so, one can see how the rates of inflation are correlated with that of the business cycle. The cyclical percentage changes in GDP serve as a good variable in inflationary forecasts because; significant amounts of real increase or decrease tend to be correlated with changes in inflation. Wh en inflation is regressed against the cyclical increases in real GDP, the R^2 value is approximately 32%, indicating a moderate and useful amount of correlation. Therefore I have also include this variable in my forecasting models. Perhaps the most significantly correlated variable that I have come across is percentage changes in monetary velocity. This predictor shows R^2 percentages in excess of 76%. Clearly, fluctuations in the velocity of money have a significant effect on inflation. Once the inflationary pressures of the 1980s resided the velocity of money began its steady upward climb. Only in the last few years has this rate begun to slow and decline. It would appear that the current trend in the velocity of money is one that reflects optimistic consumer behavior. (Appendix 5a shows the trends in the velocity of money over the past few decades.) Meanwhile the M2 money stock has been increasing at a fairly consistent rate for some time, with very little variation about its tre nd. (A.5b) Although in the second quarter the M2 money stock increased by a somewhat larger margin than was originally expected. The above considerations were important when I attempted to create a forecast for inflation by applying techniques discussed in Economic Forecasting 470. In order to attain the most accurate forecast I tried several different methods; including a bivariate, a multivariate, a multivariate with dummy variables, an automatic forecast, and a combination of techniques model. The Bivariate model was based on regressing inflation against the cyclical and irregular behavior of gross domestic product in order to see how the business cycle affected the rate of inflation. This model produced a significant regression statistic near 32%. In other words, roughly one-third of the variation in inflation can be explained by the stage of the business cycle. Both of the multivariate models contained the following predictor variables; detrended seasonally adjusted GDP, change s in the M2 money stock, changes in the velocity of money, changes in the Ppi, and changes in real wages. The most highly correlated variable being percentage changes in the velocity of money (76)%, and the least correlated being changes in the Ppi (4%). The multivariate model was able to produce a regression statistic of approximately 46%. The multivariate with dummy variables actually produce a lower R^2 value, and thus a less dependable model. The automatic forecasting method with Smart software produced a model, which could explain 79% of the data. The software chose a single exponential smoothing model for its forecast which produced a Durbin Watsin statistic of 1.85, and standard error statistic of 1.211. This model eventually proved to be the superior model because of its lower than others error statistics. The combination model produced lower MAD, MSE, RMSE statistics than did the automatic method, but smoothing model was more accurate in that it produced a significantly low er MAPE. The summary of method errors, as well as forecasting models, are contained in appendix 6a. Therefore, using these crude methods I have been able to determine that Smarts single exponential smoothing model provides the most accurate forecasting tool for considering this type of numerical data. Based on this model, the forecasted values of inflation for the third and fourth quarters of 1999 are as follows: Q3 = -3.166*.258*3.682 Q4 = -3.216*.258*3.732 Smart software estimates these value ranges with 95% confidence and an average forecast error of 1.689. By considering some current events that are taking place in the domestic and global economy one might be able to more reasonably estimate this range, and thus assert some greater probabilities upon it. As of August 24, 1999 the Federal Reserve Board took a stance to reduce the leverage of some contributive inflationary aggregates. These actions included a .25% increase in the federal funds rate, bringing the total to about 5.2 5%. As discussed in Money and Banking, this will have a direct impact on the reserve positions and actions for lending institutions. The FOMC helped to accommodate this position stance by selling treasury securities in the secondary market. This is but one of the FOMC directives that can produce this effect. By doing so it detracts funds from the banks, thus further tightening their positions. On November 3, 1999, the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis released a document prepared with information accumulated before October 25, 1999. These findings were summarized and placed in the Beige Book. Within this report there is data pertaining to the latest statistics on consumer spending, manufacturing, labor markets, wages and prices, real estate and construction, and banking and finance. The article points out that the majority of districts are reporting increases in consumer outlays, and only a handful show signs of slowing. Some of these districts report that consumer expenditures mi ght be down only due to the effects of hurricane Floyd. Most reported positive outlooks as the economy continues its wild ride and the Holiday seasons are soon approaching. Virtually all districts reported increases in manufacturing across a wide variety of economic sector and industries. This includes massive increases in biotechs to strong growth in paper processing. The November 3 Beige Book for Minneapolis also points out that labor markets are saturated and the demand for workers exceeds that of the supply in many areas. This may be taken as good news from a college students perspective, but at the same time it might also add to cost-push inflationary pressures. Given the increases in wages and disposable income, it is no doubt that mortgage markets continue to prosper. The east coast has seen 5 to 6 % increases in property value, but the volume of loans is growing at much smaller rate. (1 to 2%) On December 1, 1999 the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) released their informati on pertaining to the third quarter of 1999. This article contained much information, including some of the most recent economic estimates and reports. Among them was news concerning the trade deficit. Because net exports is a component of GDP, it is important to recognize the nature of this sector when considering the future magnitude of GDP, potential inflation, and future monetary and fiscal policies determined by the Fed. It is plain to see that the recent currency crisis, increasing energy costs, and tariff problems with China have had a profound effect on the trade deficit. (As demonstrated graphically in appendix 7a) The rate of increase related to the trade deficit, and imports exceeded that of any other in two decades. It is also noteworthy that export growth during this time had slowed considerably and even decreased. The BEA noted that for the first time in many months, foreign markets were beginning to show signs of real recovery. Having noted this the article went on to mention that import growth had showed only a slight increase above last quarters, and exports showed a 7% increase over last quarter. If these trends continue it could mean additional growth to gross domestic product. The increases have predominantly from Japan and other industrial countries, while the Asian tigers and Latin America are still in turmoil. To what extent this news is relevant to the domestic economy in terms of growth and inflationary pressures has yet to be seen. However it does seem logical that we can expect the trade deficit to at least flatten out in the coming months, or even experience some decline depending on the resiliency of the other foreign markets. The BEA also estimated that GDP had increased by approximately 5.5% in the third quarter up from an increase of 1.9% in the second. This number was slightly higher than the upper range of an earlier estimate. Related to this increase the bureau noted that corporate profits related to current production were up , although the profits per unit of real production have decreased. These tendencies might be correlated to the factors earlier discussed relating to wage increases relative to productivity. Though not mentioned by the BEA the rate of unemployment continues to slide toward all time lows. Day in and day out, reports of local, state, and federal record low unemployment is being reported. Thus the amount of cyclical unemployment in the economy is virtually zero, and the economy is operating at near full capacity. The unemployment rate is graphically illustrated in appendix 7b. This economics student is not ready to say how long the economy can sustain these r.p.m.s, but does know that eventually the engine must be cooled or the economic expansion and bull market may come to an abrupt end. At the time of the August 24 meeting the Federal Reserve Board and Dr. Greenspan did not anticipate the need for any further tightening of the reserve markets in the near future. Given the fact that th e economy has continued to outperform economists expectations over the inter-meeting period, it will be interesting to see what courses of action and concerns the Fed discusses at the next meeting. (Scheduled sometime near the end of November) What do these rapid and consistent increases mean for the domestic economy. From my perspective, this economy is all I have known. Many of the problems that used to face Americans seem to have been deleted. Leaving us today with the new challenges and fronts to conquer. One of these challenges is keeping this economy heading in a positive and stable direction. A looming threat to the stock markets and domestic economy is inflation. While doing research for this paper I stumbled across the unofficial fan club for Alan Greenspan. I had never heard of a fan club for an economist, but after seeing how stable the growth rates of GDP and inflation have been, my interest and admiration are growing quickly. Earlier this year Fred Vogelstein wrote an a rticle quoting Mr. Greenspan as saying, Do worry. Be unhappy. This from an economist with his own fan club; sounds like trouble. The article summarized some of Greenspans remarks in which he speculated about the increasing probability of an inflation spike and increased interest rates. He also pointed the possibility of a stock market correction, and the possible onset of a bear market. Given the above remarks from Mr. Vogelsteins article it seems likely that the inflation forecast previously presented will likely be in the upper portion of the range. That is, it is likely to be between .25 and 3.7% for the remainder of 1999. Though it is important to note that this analysis is based strictly on numerical data, and does not consider the realities of global economics. Inflation to investors generally means that their actual returns are going down. As a result the prices are usually bid down in order to better reflect the required yield on equity. Based on my further analysis of this article it seems that investors concerns about inflation were and are indeed genuine, and the onset of inflation in the future could mean further plateaus in equity prices and increases in interest rates. However, I believe that this course of events might also present diversified and risk adverse investors with several opportunities to strengthen their positions, and add some securities that might be presently overvalued. (Increasing energy prices also increase the attractiveness for companies such as bldp and ucr.) Bibliography Works Cited (1) Baye/Jansen. Money and Banking. Houghton Mifflin Publishing Company. (1995) Pages 61-88. (2) Economagic, (1999) Economic Time Series Page. ; http://www.economagic.com/; (3) Employment Cost Trends. BLS, (1999) ; http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm; (4) Freidma. PPT Slide Show. http://www.ecom In order to carry on photosynthesis, green plants Essay

Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist free essay sample

Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist SO1050 Sociology Functionalist, also known as structural functionalism because of its views on the ways social structures accompanies social needs. In perspective, functionalism structures social influences by what is visible and in demand now. (Boundless. com/Sociology)Functionalism has been criticized for downplaying the role of individual action, and for being unable to account for social change. In the functionalist perspective, society and its institutions are the primary units of analysis. Individuals are significant only in terms of their places within social systems (i. e. , social status and position in patterns of social relations). Functionalists have been disputed because of its terms of how socialism is accounted, because of how it lacks the support and accredited ability of one’s actions and how socialization transforms during its process. Functionalist is the oldest theory but the most popular one used to determine groups because of its basic terms toward how social groups react and functions of how the mind and body works. We will write a custom essay sample on Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The structure of how people interact with others and the ability to fit in certain groups are determined by the mind state of acceptability. When evaluating functionalism it is more of a hypothesis that could be proven right or wrong in its factor of determining how society works when it comes to grouping and organizations of people by characteristics. (Boundless. com/Sociology)Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Symbolic Interactionist, known also as symbolic interaction perspective, is a form of social grouping based on how people are forcefully placed into groups, events and social organizations. Unlike functionalism, Symbolic Interactionist believes that peer pressure and environmental exposure has much effect over socialization and its developments. People adapt and form social lifestyles by what they are exposed to, such as cigarette smoking, drinking, dating, etc. When ressured into doing something for the first time just to have some forms of acceptance, people tend to try things and develop habitual behaviors that are introduced by peers. (Anderson, M. L. and Taylor, H. F. , 2009). Critics of this theory claim that symbolic interactionism neglects the macro level of social interpretation—the â€Å"big picture. † In other words, symbolic Interactionist may miss the larger issues of society by focusing too closely on the â€Å"trees† rather than the â€Å"forestâ € . The perspective also receives criticism for slighting the influence of social forces and institutions on individual interactions. The theory of Symbolic Interactionalist has been criticized because critics believe that it focused too much on individuals and how they react to personal ways of how people react to wanting to be a part of a group and/or organization, that it lacked the focus of how groups and organizations are developed based on its biological influences. I believe that the symbolic theory has a better and clearer perspective of all theories because it focuses on how peer pressures and environmental behaviors has its influences on people as individuals, which eventually becomes a group or organization of socialization when manipulated by the growth of numbers. Functionalists do make a great point about how everything works together as one unit when it comes to social groups and the coordination of how socialism is formed. I do not agree with the full aspect of functionalists but the co-ordinance of its concept does make some sense. Symbolic Interactionalist forms its theory by reviewing probable causes using surroundings and its peers as a way of understanding social formations. I choose the Symbolic Theory because of its somewhat accuracy of how groups and organizations are formed and past down from generation to generation. I do believe peers and a person’s environmental surroundings have much to do with social connections and how its functions are developed. Reference Boundless. com- https://www. boundless. com/sociology/understanding-sociology/theoretical-perspectives-in-sociology/functionalist-perspective/ Copyright  © 2011-2012, Boundless Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Anderson, M. L. and Taylor,

Matthew Essays - Religion, Christianity, Messianism, Free Essays

Matthew Essays - Religion, Christianity, Messianism, Free Essays Matthew Mark Luke John Community Situation - Addressed to whom Jewish Audience (refers to things only Jewish people would know). Audience is educated Jews Newly converted Christians with little background in Jewish Religion. Explains Jewish customs. Group experiencing persecution Gentile audience with social Classes - Rich and Poor. Possibly becoming complacent in their beliefs. Possibly belonging to a Jewish Christian sect in conflict with other local synagogues. Author (Traditional/ Implied) Tax Collector and Apostle Mark 3:18; Matt 9.9 Luke 6:15= if Matthew/ Jewish Christian or Ex Jewish individual 2nd Generation Christian Hellenistic Influence = Gentile Convert/ Educated - possibly a doctor Presents himself as a Historian Beloved Disciple of Jesus - John Time of writing After Mark 75-80 Persecuted Christians 65 CE 80-85 Certainly after Mark and Possibly after Matthew 90 Latest Gospel Sources Used Mark Q (M) ? Mark Q (L) Book of signs? Purpose Fulfillment, Demonstrate Jesus is the Jewish Messiah and show why they should believe this. Followers who are doubting or people considering becoming followers. Tries to encourage them to be followers despite the persecution they are facing. Shows that even Jesus disciples doubted. Encourage complacent (Rich) followers to put their faith into practice. To tell the truth of what happened according to Luke 1:1-4. -Encourage a group in conflict with other Jews, -John 20:31- these are written so that you might believe Jesus is the Messiah -Shows who Jesus is=God themes Fulfillment Teaching - New Moses Forgiveness Misunderstanding/ Disciples Failure Messianic Secret -Jesus as suffering Servant -Poverty and Wealth -Salvation in the here and now I Am statements High Christology Key Passages Matt. 5:17 Mark 3:20-27 (satan); Mark 8:29 Luke 4:14-30 Luke 1:1-4 John 1:1-17 John 20:31 Style of Writing Influenced by Jewish (Hebrew) language Grammatically poor Greek Elegant, well written Greek

Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Week 7 - Essay Example Thus, artists through their works concentrated on individualism themes and reason in order to reform the society from reliance on traditional and faith-based ideologies. The anamorphic image in Hans Holbein’s The Ambassadors is in the skull. It represents Jean de Dinteville and his friend who acted as French ambassadors’ to England and the Republic of Venice respectively. The hierarchy of genres in order importance is history painting, portrait painting, genre painting, landscape painting, animal painting, and still life painting. History painting involved uplifting or inspirational messages on religious, historical, mythological, classical, or literary context. History painting marked the demonstration and conclusion of skills acquired within the academy system. Portrait painting is the second in the genre and is represented by large portraits of heroic figures for public viewing, and in some cases for private portraiture. This came after rigorous course by academy students to master the skill, which first started with drawing from plaster casts, copying the established portraits, and finally creating live models. Genre paintings involved scenes of ordinary life containing animals, landscapes, people, portraits, or touches of still life. The academy artists employed skills with occasional humor that put this genre in number three in the hierarchy. Landscape painting involved painting of art pieces whose focus was the portrayal of lovely sceneries of rivers, mountains, seascape, townscape, or countryside. This type of painting required less technical ability from the academy artists as compared to the first three genres. Animal painting in the fifth category dealt with painting of animals originating from the popularization of horse painting from 1724-1806. Finally, still life painting consisted of a representation of flowers, kitchen implements, fruits among other foodstuffs in a painting. Because

Media Analyse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Analyse - Essay Example It also intends to assess the strength as well as weaknesses of these two communication mediums from the perspective of marketing communication. Compare and Contrast Uses of Facebook and The Economist Current statistical findings suggest that Facebook has a greater influence upon the way people communicate. The main advantage of using Facebook is that it permits the marketers to be in connection with the people all around the day whether they are on their mobile devices, at home or at work, watching TV or shopping with their friends. It is because of this reason that the marketers are capable of generating rich social experiences, develop enduring relationships and enhance the strongest marketing strategies such as Word-Of-Mouth (WOM). Facebook has been one of the medium that permits the companies to learn regarding the customer behaviour having close observations of their actions and by involving with them directly. This social networking site is often considered as one of the best online places to learn about the potential customers and their perception about the company. It becomes easier for the companies to integrate their customers into their product development cycle along with the marketing campaign (Facebook, 2011). It is a well known fact that the magazines are not just read once but are read several times by the readers. The readers often prefer reading most of the pages repeatedly. This is one of the main advantages of print media in comparison to television or radio. It has been revealed from the JICNARS Reader Categorization Study that most of the readers of magazines view the spreads. Thus, the advertisements that the company places are at least viewed by the readers in the process of screening the content of the magazines. There are many evidences which prove that the magazine advertisement has the capability of selling the products (Consterdine, 2005). There have been favourable sales effects of campaigns which are focused upon magazine adverti sing. It is to be remembered that the magazine exposure do not take place at once the issue is published. The impact of the advertisement is basically evident after a week or even a month and therefore the advertisers need to consider these facts so that they can compare ad exposure as well as advertisement effect (Office of Commission, 2006). The weekly news magazine such as The Economist sells quickly because it is well written and covers almost all the issues of the world. It has also been observed that the magazine is aimed at those readers who prefer to remain informed. A good instance of a promotion that includes both consumer as well as business sector is generated by The Economist. There are four main components such as ‘Invoice me’ option, good use of colour, stronger offer and an easy order form that tend to help the marketers to ensure that the advertisements placed on The Economist will perform effectively in comparison to other forms of advertisements in UK (Subscription Strategy, 2006). The main advantage of reading The Economist is that each of the issues intends to discover domestic as well as international issues. It also offers its readers with news relating to science, technology, finance, business and arts. Each article published by The Economist is highly analytical. However, it is most often found

Hamlet - Ghosts Speech - Act 1 Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Ghosts Speech Act 1 Essay In the beginning of the play, the reader is introduced to the disorder in Denmark, a prevalent motif. The mysterious death of the king spurred the disorder, and the prospect of revenge was magnified by the supposed appearance of the late King Hamlet’s ghost. The ghost’s appearance and subsequent speech intensify the disorder by validating the reader’s suspicion of Claudius as a murderer and an incestuous, adulterous serpent. Hamlet is torn by this revelation, and responds with justified drama. Thus far Hamlet had a few reasons to hate Claudius; the ghost’s message emboldened everything he had suspected and even added to it. Previously in Act One, Hamlet had criticized Claudius for a few major grievances: for being opportunist upon the death of his father by marrying his newly widowed mother in order to seize the throne instead of Hamlet, for not properly mourning the king by waiting just a month to take his wife, and for acting like an animal by behaving in an incestuous and lustful manner. By playing on many of the same metaphors as Hamlet and bringing forth new claims too, the ghost- whose word the reader takes as truth- bolsters Hamlet’s claims. In the ghost’s rhetoric, Claudius is an unnatural, murderous â€Å"serpent†.(sc. 5 ln. 43) As a â€Å"fat weed,† his parasitic nature is apparent and matches Hamlet’s assessment of the situation as an â€Å"unweeded garden.† (sc. 5 ln. 39) (sc. 2 ln. 139) Later, the ghost goes on to describe â€Å"lewdness† courting â€Å"virtue† in Claudius’ despicable new relationship.(sc. 5 ln. 60-1) To Hamlet and the ghost, the new union is an embodiment of evil though it holds an honorable, royal position. The royal bed is now a couch for luxury and incest. (sc 5. ln.89-90) The queen has been corrupted by â€Å"wicked wit and gifts† and succumbed by what almost sounds like magic. (sc. 5 ln. 51) This too plays on the motif of unnatural existence in â€Å"Hamlet† as exemplified by the ghost. The ghost refers to public opinion as â€Å"the ear of Denmark.† (sc.5 ln.43) By misleading this one representative ear, the entire country has been misled.  The ghost then furthers the ear imagery by describing how he was personally poisoned through his ear. This deception perpetrated by the current king adds to the sense of unrest. The late Hamlet was â€Å"sleeping within (his) orchard,† an emphatically innocent action, as the juice was poured into his ear and coursed through his body like quicksilver. (sc. 5 ln. 66) The poison â€Å"tetter(ed)†¦about†¦with vile and loathsome crust.† (sc. 5 ln.78-79) This vivid and gory description adds to the sense of decay and discord. As Marcellus put it, â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark.† (sc.4 ln. 100) Then the ghost talks about how that napping time was his â€Å"secure hour.† (sc.5 ln. 68) This describes the feeling of routine that once existed in the kingdom. Now time is cursed and nothing is happens in a proper time because of Claudius’ unnatural murder. The senses of touch and sight are very important in this speech. The ghost carefully describes how things looked and felt to actualize his feelings to Hamlet and the reader. When describing the queen, he uses a prickly set of descriptive words. She isn’t just part of a cursed union, she has â€Å"thorns that in her bosom lodge to prick and sting her,† by some heavenly will. (sc, 5 ln. 94-5) Additionally, the description of the poisoning is graphic to make it personal and real for Hamlet.

Analysis of David Humes Writing :: Empiricists, Empiricism

"I was from the beginning scandalised, I must own, with this resemblance between the Deity and human creatures." --Philo David Hume wrote much about the subject of religion, much of it negative. In this paper we shall attempt to follow Hume's arguments against Deism as Someone knowable from the wake He allegedly makes as He passes. This kind of Deism he lays to rest. Then, digging deeper, we shall try our hand at a critique of his critique of religion, of resurrecting a natural belief in God. Finally, if there's anything Hume would like to say as a final rejoinder, we shall let him have his last word and call the matter closed. To allege the occurrence of order in creation, purpose in its constituent parts and in its constituted whole, regularity in the meter of its rhythm and syncopations, and mindful structure in the design and construction of Nature is by far the most widely used and generally accepted ground for launching from the world belief in an intelligent and omnipotent designer god. One does not have to read for very long to find some modern intellectual involved in the analysis of some part of Nature come to the "Aha!" that there's a power at work imposing order, design, structure and purpose in creation. Modern religious piety salivates at the prospect of converting scientists and will take them any way it can. From Plato to Planck the problematic lion of religion must be rendered safe and tame. Religion must be reasonable, after all, we are reasonable "men." Einstein writes that the scientist's "religious feeling takes the form of rapturous amazement at the harmony of natural law, which reveal s an intelligence of such superiority that, compared with it, all the systematic thinking and acting of human beings is an utterly insignificant reflection." We have been struck dumb, however; we can no longer be incautious with such temptations to believe, with such sirens sounding for sensible, systematic sureness. The Design Argument has been mortally wounded by David Hume. The god arrived at by arguments on the one-way street of effect to the cause is dead; we should never have allowed him to live. In Section XI of the Enquiry, and throughout the Dialogues Hume subjects the Argument from Design to searching and searing philosophical analysis, to the point in his mind that it is forever dead, and to the point in our minds that we wonder why the world has not yet received the obituary.

A Playground of Life Lessons Essay

A PLAYGROUND OF LIFE LESSONS Where were most of your memories made in elementary school? Ask almost anyone, and their answer will be, â€Å"On the playground during recess!† Unfortunately, the youth of today may not have the opportunity to make those memories. As a result of the No Child Left Behind Act, more than forty percent of schools have reduced recess time, while seven percent have completely eliminated it from the school day (Pappas, 2011). With physical education only being offered to elementary students once a week, typically for forty minutes or less, recess is more important now than ever before. The absence of recess in schools will result in a long-term negative impact on these children’s health, learning, and social development. Recess could possibly be the only opportunity throughout the day for some children to engage in social interactions with their peers. There are many children who have no siblings, or who may live in rural areas that aren’t conducive to gathering with friends after school. The free time that is given during recess allows for the development of social skills that will be beneficial for a lifetime, such as, making choices, developing rules for play, team building, and conflict resolution. These are basic social fundamentals that can’t necessarily be taught in a structured classroom setting, but are imperative in everyday life. Not only is recess crucial for developing social skills, but many lifelong friendships are built while swinging on the play set, or waiting in line for the monkey bars. Being able to nourish those friendships and spend time together gives kids something to look forward to during the school day. It’s a little incentive to get them through when classroom activities become boring and monotonous. Recess is also one of few opportunities for adults and teachers to observe how children behave socially with one another during free play. This can help to determine any tendencies to fight or bully, identify children who possess leadership abilities, or pinpoint any other strengths or weaknesses that can and should be nurtured. In a typical classroom setting, children don’t have the ability to showcase talents that aren’t academic. With childhood obesity on the rise, recess is detrimental to the health of children. Inactivity is associated with childhood obesity tripling since around 1970, along with an increase in other health issues, like elevated blood pressure and high cholesterol (Jarrett, 2002). When children aren’t given the opportunity to be active during the school day, they don’t tend to go home and make up for the exercise that was missed. Research revealed that children were actually less active when they got home from school on the days when they had no recess or physical education classes during the school day (Dale, Corbin, Dale, 2000). Even though not all children participate in physical activity during recess, they won’t even have the opportunity if it’s not offered. Today’s youth is already choosing television and video games over playing outside, so why should we support a sedentary lifestyle by eliminating recess from schools? Physical activity is also impe rative for good mental health. Maintaining physical fitness has shown to increase self-esteem in children, and adults (AHA, 2012). In school aged children, it is especially important to reduce anxiety by burning off excess energy that is built up while sitting in class. The best way for them to do that is by having recess! New experimental research done by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine has also shown that children who are offered recess during the day have less behavioral issues in class. Teachers in a particular school district were asked to rate their students’ behavior, and those students who were given at least a 15 minute recess throughout the day scored higher than those who weren’t (Parker-Pope, 2009). Obviously, recess offers a break from the sedentary routine of the day. The cognitive benefits of that break are astounding! For adults and children alike, breaks are deemed necessary for satisfaction and alertness. Research has also shown that breaks during learning result in a better quality of retention and recall due to the presentation of material being spaced instead of all at once. This research is conducive to what is already known about brain functioning: â€Å"that the brain needs downtime to recycle chemicals crucial for long-term memory formation, and that attention involves 90-to110-minute cyclical patterns throughout the day† (Jarrett, 2002). Other theories state that there is a positive correlation between unstructured interaction with peers, and higher results on intelligence tests (Jirikovic, Vansyckle, McIntyre, & Irish, 2005). Aren’t higher test scores the main focus of educators today? Children aren’t the only ones that need a break from the mundane curriculum. Teachers and aides need an opportunity to regain energy levels, discuss the day’s activities and observations, and get things in order for the next lesson on the agenda. With the heightened expectations of teachers and their accountability for academic progress, the break time that is offered by recess is extremely beneficial for both their job performance and state of mind. It may take them a few minutes to get their classes back on track to learn once they return from free-play, but it has been shown that students are more focused and well behaved after recess (Jarrett, 2002). With so much evidence that supports the benefits of daily recess, it’s surprising that the elimination of it has even come into question. However, there are those who believe that recess is unnecessary and that it takes away from the time and focus on academics. For those people, I would advise to examine the research and the long term benefits that recess has been proven to offer, as well as, the potential negative effects that would result in making it a thing of the past. Some say that school is a place for learning, not playing. I say that the learning that happens during interaction with peers as a child is irreplaceable by any academic lesson plan. Strong social skills are an integral part of moving forward in the world. Any career that you choose is going to require the ability to interact with people, whether it is with co-workers, vendors, patients, or customers. You can have the best academic resume in the world, but if you can’t make your way through an interview, the employer is going to choose someone else for the job. The social skills required to communicate effectively and adapt to certain situations are only learned through personal experience. This personal experience starts on the school playground. There is also the issue of bullying that comes into play when children are offered unstructured play time, such as recess. While that is a valid concern, and should be treated as such, children also need to learn life coping skills and resiliency. Life isn’t fair, and there is usually always a bully, even as an adult. Today’s children are being coddled too much, and given a false sense of security and protection. I feel it would be more beneficial to teach children how to deal with bullying situations, rather than treat them as if they don’t exist. Observation of student’s personalities during recess can help teachers and adults to identify who needs guidance in these areas, as well as, provide them the opportunity to pinpoint the bullies and stop them in their tracks. Although there are arguments against recess, there is no research that supports the benefits of eliminating it from schools. While it may free up a few more minutes for teaching reading comprehension or long division, those minutes are counter-productive if these children have â€Å"zoned-out† and are unable to retain what is being taught. Recess needs to stay in schools, and be recognized for what it is; a playground of life lessons. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Heart Association. (2012, November 26). Physical Activity and Children. Retrieved from website http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/Physical-Activity-and-Children_UCM_304053_Article.jsp Dale, D., Corbin, B., Dale, K. S. (2000). Restricting opportunities to be active during school time: Do children compensate by increasing physical activity levels after school? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 71(3):240-248. Jarrett, O. (2002, July). Recess in Elementary School: What Does the Research Say? (ERIC Digest). Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED466331) http://www.eric.ed.gov/ Jirikovic, R., Vansyckle, J., McIntyre, C., Irish, B. (2005). RECESS – TIME WELL SPENT! Retrieved from website http://www.timeday.org/pdf/newsletter_february_2006/Recess_Project.pdf

Definition of Angstrom in Physics and Chemistry

An angstrom or à ¥ngstrà ¶m  is a unit of length used to measure very small distances. One angstrom is equal to  10−10  m  (one ten-billionth of a  meter  or 0.1  nanometers). Although the unit is recognized world-wide, it is not an International System  (SI) or metric unit. The symbol for angstrom is Ã…, which is a letter in the Swedish alphabet. 1 Ã… 10-10 meters Uses of the Angstrom The diameter of an atom is on the order of 1 angstrom, so the unit is particularly handy when referring to the atomic and ionic radius or size of molecules and spacing between planes of atoms in crystals. The covalent radius of atoms of chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus are about one angstrom, while the size of a hydrogen atom is about half of an angstrom. The angstrom is used in solid-state physics, chemistry, and crystallography. The unit is used to cite wavelengths of light, chemical bond length, and the size of microscopic structures using the electron microscope. X-ray wavelengths may be given in angstroms, as these values typically range  from 1 to 10 Ã…. Angstrom History The unit is named for Swedish physicist Anders Jonas  Ãƒâ€¦ngstrà ¶m, who used it to produce a chart of the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation in sunlight in 1868. His use of units made it possible to report the wavelengths of visible light (4000  to  7000  Ãƒâ€¦) without having to use decimals or fractions. The chart and unit became widely used in solar physics, atomic spectroscopy, and other sciences that deal with extremely small structures. Although the angstrom is  10−10  meters, it was precisely defined by its own standard because it is so small. The error in the meter standard was larger than the angstrom unit! The 1907 definition of the angstrom was the wavelength of the red line of cadmium set to be  6438.46963 international à ¥ngstrà ¶ms. In 1960, the standard for the meter was redefined in terms of spectroscopy, finally basing the two units on the same definition. Multiples of the Angstrom Other units based on the angstrom are the micron (104  Ãƒâ€¦) and the millimicron (10 Ã…). These units are used to measure thin film thicknesses and molecular diameters. Writing the Angstrom Symbol Although the symbol for the angstrom is easy to write on paper, some code is needed to produce it using digital media. In older papers, the abbreviation A.U. was sometimes used. Methods of writing the symbol include: Typing the symbol U212B or U00C5 in UnicodeUsing the symbol #8491 or #197 in HTMLUsing the code Aring; in HTML Sources International Bureau of Weights and Measures. The International System of Units (SI) (8th ed.). 2006, p. 127. ISBN 92-822-2213-6.Wells, John C. Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman, 2008. ISBN 9781405881180.